The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1286 Words

Literary devices are the tools and techniques of language that authors use to convey meaning. Skilled use of literary devices brings richness and clarity to a text. Literary devices are prominent in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s writing of The Great Gatsby. To begun, he makes use of many allusions to Arthurian legends, the philosopher Plato, Trimalchio, and Christ. Furthermore, to better understand the characters, he utilizes symbolism. In conclusion, throughout The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald incorporates subtle, yet flawless use of literary devices to aid in the development of characters and theme. First and foremost, F. Scott Fitzgerald utilizes the literary device of allusion. An allusion is an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly, or making a reference to something else. Fitzgerald alludes Daisy to the Arthurian legend of the holy grail. The holy grail was the epitome of success, wealth, and happiness. If you had it in your possession, you were considered a very successful and wealthy person. In the novel, Gatsby perceives Daisy as the holy grail, â€Å"...but now he found that he had committed himself to the following of a grail.† (Fitzgerald 149). Gatsby is the knight in shining armour and Daisy is the treasure, the holy grail. Gatsby believes the grail is pure and worthy, like Daisy. The unattainable grail’s worth is founded upon its name and worth. Jay becomes so engrossed in obtaining Daisy, similar to the knightsShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. 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The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

The Actors Of Micro Environment - 1527 Words

Q1. Actors of Micro Environment Company Name: The company that will be discussed is PepsiCo soft drinks. 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Macro Environment Macro Environment Soft Drink Industry Cultural Change This article discussed about the impact of globalization to the teenagers in Malaysia and how the habits and lifestyle were adopted into the societies. In one part of the section, they overlook into globalization of culture and modern lifestyle and select fast foods and carbonated soft drinks as aShow MoreRelatedThe Actors Of Micro Environment1680 Words   |  7 PagesQ1. 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Four Generations in the Work Place free essay sample

A description of the dynamics in the work place consisting of members of four different generations. The paper describes how the current workforce consists of four different generations: the Greatest Generation born in the 40s and the 50s; the Baby Boomers born between 1946 and 1964; Generation X individuals born between 1964 and 1976; and Generation Y individuals born between 1976 and 1995. The paper describes the different characteristics of each group and analyzes how the different mindsets and values influence how they work and interact with other workers. The paper describes how management should be aware of the generational differences in order to use these differences to the advantage of the company as a whole. All the generations are in a common race and confronting the same realities of a fast-paced, high-technology, global, very competitive and unpredictable economy (Martin) Being in the same boat and posed before the exact realities in common, how these distinct generations that collide, bruise and even disadvantage one another can be made to translate this damaging condition from a weakness to strength is the challenge. We will write a custom essay sample on Four Generations in the Work Place or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Juvenile Delinquency (3043 words) Essay Example For Students

Juvenile Delinquency (3043 words) Essay Juvenile DelinquencyJuvenile Delinquency 4 The current statistics of juvenile delinquency are astounding. I will look at the most recent statistics and a few of the programs implemented to reduce or prevent delinquency. Before delving to deep into juvenile delinquency it is important to consider the definitions of â€Å"juvenile† and â€Å"delinquent†. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary gives two definitions of â€Å"juvenile†: 1. Showing incomplete development, and 2. A young person; one below the legally established age of adulthood (1997). Merriam-Webster defines â€Å"delinquent† as: offending by neglect or violation of duty or law (1997). As a complete definition of juvenile delinquent it is safe to repeat â€Å"a person below the established age of adulthood that offends by neglect or violation of duty or law (1997)†. The history of juvenile delinquency had harsh beginnings. Children were viewed as non-persons until the 1700’s(Rice 1995). They did not receive special treatment or recognition. Discipline then is what we now call abuse. It was believed that life was hard, and you had to be hard to survive. The people of that time in history did not have the conveniences that we take for granted. For example, the medical practices of that day were primitive in comparison to present-day medicine. Marriages were more for convenience, rather than for childbearing or romance. The infant and child mortality rate was also very high. It did not make sense to the parents in those days to create an emotional bond with children when there was a strong chance that the children would not survive until adulthood (1995). At the end of the 18th century, â€Å"The Enlightenment† appeared as a new cultural transition. People began to see children as flowers, who needed nurturing in order to Juvenile Delinquency 5bloom. It was the invention of childhood, love and nurturing instead of beatings to stay in line (1995). Children had finally begun to emerge as a distinct group. It started with the upper class, who were allowed to attend colleges and universities. Throughout all time there has been delinquency. It may not have had the delinquency label, but it still existed. In ancient Britain, children at the age of seven were tried, convicted, and punished as adults. There was no special treatment for them; a hanging was a hanging. Juvenile crime is mentioned as far back as ancient Sumeria and Hammurabi, where laws concerning juvenile offenders first appear in written form (1995). Industrialization set into motion the processes needed for modern juvenile delinquency. The country had gone from agriculture to machine based labor intensive production. Subsistence farming quickly turned into profit making (1995). People who were displaced from their farm work because of machinery were migrating to the city to find work. This led to urbanization in such places as Chicago, which in turn caused the cities to burst at the seams (1995). There was also a huge increase in the amount of movable goods that were produced and these moveable goods were easy to steal. The stealing of these goods made property crime rise tremendously in these urban centers. The wealth of the upper class increased, and stealing became a way of living (1995). These large urban centers also created another problem. The work place was now separated from the home and during the hard times both parents took jobs. There was also very little for the youths to do, especially when school was not in session. It was then that youths were becoming Juvenile Delinquency 6increasingly unsupervised. These youths were largely unemployed and without supervision, and with movable goods easily available, stealing became a way of life. The huge influx of people to these urban areas overwhelmed society (1995). The factories could not keep up, and unemployment became a factor, which led to widespread poverty. Poorhouses were created to keep youthful offenders away from trouble. The idea behind them was to take the children of the â€Å"dangerous (1995) † classes out of their â€Å"dangerous environment (1995).† Kids who were thought to be salvageable needed to be saved. The majority of these children were rounded up for the crime of being poor, not because they committed a crime. These houses, sometimes referred to as reform schools, were very harsh. This was contradictory to the ideas that they needed nurturing and love. In New York, houses of refuge were created to do the same. The houses eventually became overfilled, and children were sent out West as indentured servants. As many as 50,000 children were shipped out (1995). Some of the children were never allowed to have contact with their parents again. Industrialization and urbanization played a tremendous role in the modern era of juvenile delinquency. A lot of these factors are true today. Many more farms are going bankrupt. Unemployment is still a factor with the youth of today. We are a culture that values material wealth over and above all (1995). Youth who have no money to live the way they want will often turn to crime as a way to satisfy themselves. As our nation changes, the way in which juveniles are treated will also have to change. The current trends in juvenile delinquency have an impact on how we view the problem. Juvenile Delinquency 7The number of juvenile arrests has been declining. In 1971, 21% of all arrests were juveniles. A lot of this change has to do with the declining teenage population. There are 6 million fewer teenagers today than 20 years ago (1995). Property crime in the United States has been fairly stable; there has been a 3% increase between 1982 and 1991. Violent crime has seen a tremendous increase. Since 1965, juvenile arrests have doubled for rape (11:100,00 in 1965 to 22: 100,00 in 1991). Crime is generally a young person’s game. Property crime peaks at age 16, violent crime peaks at age 18. All crime drops off dramatically at about age 30. There are some disturbing trends such as: More than 500 kids under age 12 were arrested for rape in 1991. These statistics should be viewed with caution. For example, some of these figures were estimated, the official numbers may be less disturbing, or even underestimated (1995). With an increased emphasis on juveniles, more en forcement and less discretion equal higher figures. There is also a problem with data being â€Å"fudged (1995)† in order to justify an increase in resources. Falcon Baker writes that â€Å"†¦crime statistics are at best only educated guesses, and all too often are tainted by political expediency, sloppy record keeping, and outright deception† (1991). Contrary to the â€Å"negative publicity, relatively few children come before the juvenile court† (Downs, Moore, McFadden, Costin, 1991). Of the 29.9 million youths aged 10 through 17 in the United States in 1995, only 2.7 million, or less that 10 percent, were arrested for delinquent acts, including status offenses. Violent crimes (murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault) accounted for 5 percent of all juvenile Juvenile Delinquency 8arrests. The ages of youths at the time of arrest for all crimes were as follows: 23 percent were 17 years of age; 68 percent were 13 through 16 years of age, and 9 percent were less than 13 years of age. The racial composition was 69 percent white, 28 percent black, 1 percent Native American and 2 percent Asian (1991). In doing research on juvenile crime one will find the body of evidence overwhelming. It is at times contradictory and often confusing, but there are some statistics that jump out at you as you sift your way through reports and books. Often the most compelling statistics are not the ones that appear in newspapers, or on television, radio and speeches that seem to take place almost continuously. According to a report issued last year titled Violent Crime Increases, and prepared for the National Report on Juvenile offending and Victimization shows that between 1965 and 1992 law enforcement agencies reported a 423% increase in the four crimes that make up the FBI’s Violent Crime Index (assault, robbery, rape and homicide) (Abruzzese 1997). The report also includes that in the period from 1983 to 1992 it increased only 54%. A few additional points are that in 1992 law enforcement agencies in over 92% of all jurisdictions reported that 45% of violent crimes, as measured by the index, were â€Å"cleared† (1997). However, more than half (55%) were not â€Å"cleared† (1997), so half of all violent crimes were not solved. Also 19% (or 128,000) of the violent crimes committed between 1983 and 1992 is attributable to juvenile offenders (1997). Juvenile Delinquency 9In a report titled â€Å"Person Offenses in Juvenile Court† from the October 1994 OJJDP some interesting statistics were given. From 1985 to 1994, person offenses including assault, robbery, rape and homicide, increases by 93% with juvenile courts handling an estimated 336,100 person offense cases. Person offenses also accounted for a larger proportion of cases, 22% in 1995 compared with 16% in 1985. And, finally, of the 336,100 person offenses handled by the juvenile courts in 1994, over half were dismissed, 3 percent were proc essed as adults, 24 percent incarcerated and the remainder were on probation or some other alternative program. WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN AND HIS MARCH TO THE SEA William Tecumseh She EssayPeter Greenwood and Susan Turner (1993) assessed the Paint Creek Youth Center in Ohio. The main goal of this center is to provide high quality tailored programming. There was a three-day orientation program and an aftercare program to assist in the transition back to society. The youths received classes and formal counseling instead of locked up in a cell. They were part of a community. While at the center youths earned privileges as they progressed. Among the privileges were being allowed a paying job, family visits at the center, and weekends at home. The uniqueness of this program was the emphasis on tailored treatment. Instead of being lumped into groups, the youths are counseled individually. This allowed the counselors and youths to benefit from the program. Greenwood and Turner concluded that the aftercare program had a modest effect on post-release arrests and behavior. More cognitive/behavioral eff ort was needed in the aftercare. They also determined that this alternative shows promise, and that more attention should be paid to the youths’ prosocial behavior when they return to the community. Haghighi and Lopez (1993) evaluated the success/failure of group home treatment programs for juveniles. The two factors used in the analysis were evaluations from program staff and the reappearance of the juvenile in the juvenile justice system after release. Juvenile Delinquency 13 Haghighi and Lopez found that 62.5% of the juveniles were rated as successful. The rest either failed, were sent to another facility, or committed another delinquent act after release. Juveniles with prior treatment, such as probation, were more successful than those with no treatment or with time spent in a juvenile detention center. Galaway, et al. (1995) wrote an article that claimed family homes for emotionally or psychiatrically impaired youth might have hidden benefits for delinquents. Family care providers were said to be able to manage delinquents in a home setting and that their behavior will improve. The study was composed of 220 U.S., 18 Canadian, and 28 U.K. programs. Less than half of these programs served delinquents. It was reported that 41% of delinquent youth completed the programs, 12% were administratively discharged, 14% showed no progress and the rest were discharged due to breakdown of the youth or foster family. The average length of sta y was 7.5 months. They determined that foster family care may be a viable alternative for delinquents and could be used more often. It is sometimes the case that youth are placed in the wrong setting (jail) because there is no alternative. In closing, we are all aware of after school programs and community based services such as Boys and Girls Clubs. They provide a safe haven for children to go where they can build self-esteem, pro-social values and productive futures. Communities and organizations do what they can, some with the help of Title V grants under â€Å"Delinquency Prevention Programs.† However, as long as a disproportionate amount funding goes to deal with problems after they have occurred, there will remain limited resources to prevent their occurring (Wilber 1998). â€Å"Let us not in our concern about Juvenile Delinquency 14juvenile violence forget that they are just that-children. These are our children and they need our attention and concern before they get into serious trouble, as well as after† (1998). Juvenile Delinquency 15ReferencesAbruzzese, G. (1997). Juvenile Crime: Approaching the Millennium. Delinquency now, 1 (5), pp.5. Retrieved March 5, 2000 from Ebsco Database (MUONLINE) on the World Wide Web: http://www.ebsco.comBaker, F. (1991). Saving Our Kids from Delinquency, Drugs, and Despair. New York: Cornelia Michael Bessie Books. Downs, S., Moore, E., McFadden, J., Costin, L. (1991). Child Welfare andFamily Services. Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon. Galaway, B., et al. (1995). Specialized foster family care for delinquent youth. Federal Probation 59 (March): 19-27. Greenwood, P., Turner, S. (1993). Evaluation of the Paint Creek YouthCenter: a residential program for serious delinquents. Criminology31 (May): 19-27. Haghighi, B., Lopez, A. (1993). Success/Failure of group home treatmentPrograms for juveniles. Federal Probation 57 (Sept): 53-58. McNeece, C., Roberts, A. (1997). Policy Practice in the Justice System. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers. Mish, F. (Ed.). (1997). Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster Incorporated. Wilber, S. (1998) Can Prevention Programs Stem the Tide of Delinquency? 3(3), pp. 3. Retrieved March 5, 2000 from EBSCO database Juvenile Delinquency 16(MUONLINE) on the World Wide Web: http://www.ebsco.com Social Issues

Black on Black Essay Example

Black on Black Essay WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay Tawana Newton Montgomery , AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay Markessius Hill Montgomery , AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay JEROME NewtonMontgomery , AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay ERON HILL Montgomery , AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay LAMONT WILLIS Montgomery , AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay CLAUDIA WILLISMontgomery , AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay NANCY DAVIS Montgomery , AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay EDDIE DAVIS Montgomery, AL ALALaALALAL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay CHELSEA BLOUNTPalmdale, CA WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay EAYAUNA DAVIS Montgomery, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMIL Y REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay DAJUAN DAVIS Montgomery , AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay DAQUIER DAVISMontgomery, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay Barry ELLERSON, Sr. Deatsville, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay BARRY ELLERSON, JR. 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Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLISFAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay ANDREW BOOKER Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay PATRICIA NELSON Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay KATRINA DANIELS Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon CayJADA DANIELS Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay JADA DANIELS Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay JA DA DANIELS Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay JADA DANIELS Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLISFAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay JADA DANIELS Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay JADA DANIELS Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 2012 Nassau Half Moon Cay JADA DANIELS Birmingham, AL WILKS-WILLIS FAMILY REUNION Cruise July? 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Hsbc Bank Analysis Essays

Hsbc Bank Analysis Essays Hsbc Bank Analysis Essay Hsbc Bank Analysis Essay HSBC (The Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation): INTRODUCTION: HSBC is the world’s second-largest banking and financial services group. The origins of the bank lie in Hong Kong and Shanghai, where its branches were first open in 1865. Number of location is around 7,500 offices in 87 countries and territories; Only in united states it has more than 460 bank branches, 210. 000 shareholders, 300,000 staff, and approximately 128 million customers worldwide. Throughout the world among the multinational banking giants HSBC is one of the leading largest banking groups. A A Flock hart, Chairman since 1 January 2011 and a Director since July 2010. An executive Director of HSBC Holdings plc and Chairman, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Commercial Banking, Joined HSBC in 1974. BACKGROUND: HSBC Private Bank is the marketing name for the private banking business, HSBC group has a significant presence in each of the world’s financial markets, with the America, Asia Pacific and Europe each representing one third of the business, with around 8,000 offices 87 countries and territories, 210,000 shareholders, 300,000 staff and 128 million customers worldwide, HSBC arguably has the most valuable place in multinational banking giants. As HSBC announces so many facilities to their customer, Retail Banking and Wealth Management were previously referred to as Personal Financial Services. This rename was announced during HSBCs 2011 Investor Day. Commercial bank also provides financial services to small, medium-sized and middle-market enterprises; the bank said it would be hiring at least 2,000 extra people in mainland China and Singapore over the next five years, as it seeks to tap the fast growing Asia Pacific market. HSBC was founded in Hong Kong and Shanghai in 1865 and the bank regards Asia as its most important region†. FINANCIAL SERVICES: * Customer’s Personal financial services. * Current and savings accounts. * Mortgage. * Car financing. * Insurance. * Credit cards. * Loans. * Pensions. * Investments. SPONSORSHIP: HSBC sponsors the Great Canadian Geography Challenge, which has had around 2 million participants in the past 12 years. Since 2001, HSBC has sponsored the Celebration of Light, an annual musical fireworks competition in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In 2007 HSBC announced it would be a sponsor of the National Hockey Leagues Vancouver Canucks and Calgary Flames. HSBC has also sponsored a professional gaming team that was disbanded late 2007. HSBC sponsored the 2009 British and Irish Lions tour to South Africa. GLOBAL SERVICE CENTER: HSBC develops global technology centre in Pacific Asia for HSBC group, the main theme is to lower cost economies in order to reduce the cost of providing services in developed and well economical countries. UK Retail Banking: The UK Personal Financial Services business continues, To build its position as a leading provider of financial Services to mass affluent customers in the UK through, The Premier and Advance propositions. The UK Commercial Banking strategy is to be: the ‘Leading International Business’ bank, using HSBC’s extensive geographical network together With product expertise in payments, trade, Receivables finance and foreign exchange to actively support customers who are trading and investing across borders; and the best bank for small and medium-sized Enterprises (‘SMEs’) in target markets, building global scale and creating efficiencies by sharing systems and best practice, including customer experience, training and product offerings, and selectively applying a direct banking model. DEPTH OF ANALYSIS: Consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 December 2010 20102009 ?m ? m Interest income . 11,110 12,643 Interest expense (3,416) (4,552) Net interest income ,694 8,091 Fee income 5,310 5,560 Fee expense (1,271) (1,483) Net fee income . 4,040 4,077 Trading income excluding net interest income . ,210 970 Net interest income on trading activities.. 901 1,656 Net trading income.. 2,117 2,626 Net income from financial instruments designated at fair value.. 276 543 Gains less loss from financial investments.. 537 (73) Dividend income 8 29 Net earned insurance premiums .. 42,635 2,716 Other operating income 782 1,093 Total operating income 18,090 19,102 Net insurance claims incurred and movement in liabilities to policyholders (3,023) (3,540) Net operating income before loan impairment charges and other credit risk Provisions 15,076 15,562 Loan impairment charges and other credit risk provisions (1,951) (3,364) Net operating income . 13,125 12,198 Employee compensation and benefits. (4,961) (4,452) General and administrative expenses 3,536) (3,114) Depreciation and impairment of property, plant and equipment.. (460) (482) Amortization and impairment of intangible assets. (162) (150) Total operating expenses.. (9,119) (8,198) Operating profit . ,006 4,000 Share of profit in associates and joint ventures . 5 14 Profit before tax . 4,011 4,014 Tax expense (996) (856) Profit for the year ,015 3,158 Profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company 2, 654 3,092 Profit attributable to non-controlling interests 56 66 2010 compared with 2009: Overview: Global Banking and Markets reported a pre-tax profit of ? 1,876 million in the period compared with ? 2,511 million in 2009, a decrease of 25 per cent. The 2010 results, however, remained strong by historical standards and were second only to the exceptional performance of 2009. On an underlying basis, adjusting for the Global Banking and Markets’ element of the disposal of the Insurance Brokers’ business in April 2010 and the disposal of Eversholt Rail Group in December 2010, profit before tax was ? 1,699 million, 32 per cent lower than 2009. Revenues slowed in 2010, due to less favorable market conditions caused by the impact of the European sovereign debt crisis and the anticipated lower revenues in Balance Sheet Management. Operating expenses included a ? 207 million charge from the one-off UK and French bonus and payroll taxes applied on certain 2009 bonus payments. DATA GATHERING: Financial Statements: HSBC Bank plc cash flow statement for the year ended 31 December 2010 2010 2009 ? m ? m Cash flows from operating activities Profit before tax . 3,396 2,967 Adjustments for: – Non-cash items included in profit before tax . 7 2,215 3,126 – Change in operating assets 37 (5,523) 14,404 – Change in operating liabilities.. 37 28,734 – Elimination of exchange differences1 1,189) 377 (2, 6564) – Net gain from investing activities (329) (535) – Contributions paid to defined benefit plans.. (1,933) (236) – Tax paid. (674) (461) Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities.. 24,697 (6,900) Cash flows from investing activities Purchase of financial investments. 27,066) (31,309) Proceeds from the sale of financial investments .. 14,849 50,482 Purchase of property, plant and equipment. (316) (312) Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment.. 5 791 Purchase of goodwill and intangible assets (163) (133) Net cash outflow from acquisition of and increase in stake of associates – (16) Proceeds from disposal of associates . 188 Net cash generated from/(used in) investing activities (12,689) 19,691 Cash flows from financing activities Issue of ordinary share capital.. – 2,776 Net cash outflow from acquisition of and increase in stake of subsidiaries.. (442) – Subordinated loan capital issued 633 – Dividends paid.. (1,868) (1,067) Net cash generated from financing activities (1,677) 1,709

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Final paper - Essay Example By studying all of these traditions, one finds that they are all useful or most types if childhood issues. In the 1940s, Carl Rogers (1951, 1955) established a new model of, person centered therapy. Emphasis was placed on the relationship between therapist and client based upon genuineness, acceptance and trust. Person centered theory provided a new perspective of personality structure, psychological health and the process of change in therapy. Largely influenced by the person centered approach, Axline (1969, 1971) developed a new therapeutic approach for working with children - non directive Play Therapy. Based on the person centered theory, Axline devised a clear Play Therapy theory and method. She said "No-one ever knows as much about a human beings inner world as the individual himself. Responsible freedom grows and develops from inside the person". For over 50 years, Play Therapy has been practiced and researched within the United States. This has been led by many Play Therapists, including Moustakas (1953, 1966, 1973, 1981, 1992) and Schaefer (1976, 1986, 1993), who have progressed Axlines original formulations and devised differing models integrating elements of systemic family therapy, narrative therapy, solution focused therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Play Therapy started to emerge as a new and differing tradition in the 1980s. Since then, the Childrens Hour Trust has taught professionals the basic techniques of Axlines Play Therapy that are used in a multitude of settings. As play therapy developed it was still applicable not only to all children but in numerous setting. British Drama Therapists started using Play Therapy methods to enhance their Drama Therapy with children. Sue Jennings (1994) and Ann Cattanach (1993, 1994, 1998) integrated parts of non directive Play Therapy to enlarge the British Play Therapy movement. Actualization - Humans are motivated by an innate tendency to develop constructive and healthy